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Image credits

Every photograph or facsimile used here has a source record and file-specific rights. Cropping and shading affect only the presentation. Images may illustrate a language without being a witness used in a lesson.

The Sanskrit illustration was created for Sanskrit Help. The Indo-European and Proto-Indo-European panels are original abstract artwork. None is presented as a historical witness.

Study-site imagery

  1. Aleppo Codex, Joshua 1:1

    aleppocodex.org via Wikimedia Commons · Public domain

    Copied unchanged from the independently licensed companion-site asset. Display may be cropped or shaded in CSS.

    Source record

  2. Attic decree fragment, The Met 26.60.8

    The Metropolitan Museum of Art · CC0

    Copied unchanged from the independently licensed companion-site asset. Display may be cropped or shaded in CSS.

    Source record

  3. Roman Forum

    Davide Lussetti · CC BY-SA 4.0

    Copied unchanged from the independently licensed companion-site asset. Display may be cropped or shaded in CSS.

    Source record

  4. Old Assyrian letter, The Met 66.245.1

    Zeray Peter / The Metropolitan Museum of Art · CC0

    Copied unchanged from the independently licensed companion-site asset. Display may be cropped or shaded in CSS.

    Source record

  5. Field-dimension tablet from Tello, A31736

    Daderot · CC0

    Copied unchanged from the independently licensed companion-site asset. Display may be cropped or shaded in CSS.

    Source record

  6. Stela of Mentuwoser, The Met 12.184

    The Metropolitan Museum of Art · CC0

    Copied unchanged from the independently licensed companion-site asset. Display may be cropped or shaded in CSS.

    Source record

  7. Life of Shenoute papyrus, British Museum EA71005/6

    Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin · CC BY-SA 4.0

    Copied unchanged from the independently licensed companion-site asset. Display may be cropped or shaded in CSS.

    Source record

  8. Baal-cycle tablet fragments, Louvre AO 16641–16642

    Mbzt · CC BY-SA 3.0

    Copied unchanged from the independently licensed companion-site asset. Display may be cropped or shaded in CSS.

    Source record

  9. Pyrgi tablets

    Macalla · CC BY-SA 4.0

    Copied unchanged from the independently licensed companion-site asset. Display may be cropped or shaded in CSS.

    Source record

  10. Linear A tablet from Hagia Triada

    Zde · CC BY-SA 4.0

    Copied unchanged from the independently licensed companion-site asset. Display may be cropped or shaded in CSS.

    Source record

  11. Eshmunazar II sarcophagus inscription, Louvre AO 4806

    Matthew Suriano · CC0

    Copied unchanged from the independently licensed companion-site asset. Display may be cropped or shaded in CSS.

    Source record

  12. Indus stamp seal and modern impression, The Met 49.40.1

    The Metropolitan Museum of Art · CC0

    Copied unchanged from the independently licensed companion-site asset. Display may be cropped or shaded in CSS.

    Source record

  13. Palenque Palace and Temple of the Inscriptions

    Candiderm · Public domain

    Copied unchanged from the independently licensed companion-site asset. Display may be cropped or shaded in CSS.

    Source record

  14. Yasna manuscript, fol. 4r, Columbia X892.5 Av3 N22

    Columbia University digitization · CC0

    Copied unchanged from the independently licensed companion-site asset. Display may be cropped or shaded in CSS.

    Source record

  15. Persepolis panorama

    Ondřej Žváček · CC BY 2.5

    Copied unchanged from the independently licensed companion-site asset. Display may be cropped or shaded in CSS.

    Source record

  16. Hittite bronze treaty detail

    Dick Osseman · CC BY-SA 4.0

    Copied unchanged from the independently licensed companion-site asset. Display may be cropped or shaded in CSS.

    Source record

  17. Ahiqar papyrus from Elephantine

    Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin · CC BY-SA 4.0

    Copied unchanged from the independently licensed companion-site asset. Display may be cropped or shaded in CSS.

    Source record

  18. Ephrem’s Commentary on the Diatessaron, CBL Syc 709

    Chester Beatty via Wikimedia Commons · Public domain

    Copied unchanged from the independently licensed companion-site asset. Display may be cropped or shaded in CSS.

    Source record

  19. Rock-carved tombs at Kaunos

    Rev Stan · CC BY 2.0

    Copied unchanged from the independently licensed companion-site asset. Display may be cropped or shaded in CSS.

    Source record

  20. Hattuša panorama; regional context

    Balkanique · CC BY-SA 4.0

    Copied unchanged from the independently licensed companion-site asset. Display may be cropped or shaded in CSS.

    Source record

  21. Subashi ruins near Kucha; regional context

    Scott Newman · CC BY-SA 2.0

    Copied unchanged from the independently licensed companion-site asset. Display may be cropped or shaded in CSS.

    Source record

  22. Chogha Zanbil; regional context

    Pentocelo · CC BY-SA 3.0

    Copied unchanged from the independently licensed companion-site asset. Display may be cropped or shaded in CSS.

    Source record

  23. PY Ub 1318 tablet from Pylos

    Sharon Mollerus · CC BY 2.0

    Copied unchanged from the independently licensed companion-site asset. Display may be cropped or shaded in CSS.

    Source record

Additional subject imagery

  1. Folio from a Koran (8th-9th century).jpg

    Unknown in Abbasid dynasty · Public domain

    Local copy of a Commons original or Commons-served thumbnail; CSS display crop on Language Help.

    Source record

  2. Silver Gospels, Opening of Matthew's Gospel, Walters Manuscript W.542, fol. 15r.jpg

    Walters Art Museum Illuminated Manuscripts · CC0

    Local copy of a Commons original or Commons-served thumbnail; CSS display crop on Language Help.

    Source record

  3. Mesha Stele (511142469).jpg

    Henri Sivonen from Helsinki, Finland · CC BY 2.0

    Local copy of a Commons original or Commons-served thumbnail; CSS display crop on Language Help.

    Source record

  4. Emlagh East Ogham Stone, County Kerry, Ireland 09.jpg

    Ridiculopathy · CC0

    Local copy of a Commons original or Commons-served thumbnail; CSS display crop on Language Help.

    Source record

  5. Oracle bone from the Couling-Chalfant collection.jpg

    anonymous · CC0

    Local copy of a Commons original or Commons-served thumbnail; CSS display crop on Language Help.

    Source record

  6. Ethiopic genesis (ch. 29, v. 11-16), 15th century (The S.S. Teacher's Edition-The Holy Bible - Plate XII, 1).jpg

    Creator not identified in the Commons file record · Public domain

    Local copy of a Commons original or Commons-served thumbnail; CSS display crop on Language Help.

    Source record

  7. JellingeStoneLargeInscription.JPG

    Boeing720 · CC BY-SA 3.0

    Local copy of a Commons original or Commons-served thumbnail; CSS display crop on Language Help.

    Source record

  8. Codex Argenteus.jpg

    Creator not identified in the Commons file record · Public domain

    Local copy of a Commons original or Commons-served thumbnail; CSS display crop on Language Help.

    Source record

  9. Tavola di Agnone 2.jpg

    Pimpinellus · CC BY-SA 4.0

    Local copy of a Commons original or Commons-served thumbnail; CSS display crop on Language Help.

    Source record

  10. Stone Stele with Meroitic Script (36571213426).jpg

    Gary Todd · CC0

    Local copy of a Commons-served thumbnail; CSS display crop on Language Help.

    Source record

  11. Codex Suprasliensis (5859342).jpg

    Retko · Public domain

    Local copy of a Commons original or Commons-served thumbnail; CSS display crop on Language Help.

    Source record

  12. Beowulf Cotton MS Vitellius A XV f. 132r.jpg

    anonymous Anglo-Saxon poet · Public domain

    Local copy of a Commons original or Commons-served thumbnail; CSS display crop on Language Help.

    Source record

  13. Book of Leinster Facsimilepage55.jpg

    Unknown authorUnknown author · Public domain

    Local copy of a Commons original or Commons-served thumbnail; CSS display crop on Language Help.

    Source record

  14. Kultigin Monument of Orkhon Inscriptions.jpeg

    Vezirtonyukuk · CC BY-SA 4.0

    Local copy of a Commons original or Commons-served thumbnail; CSS display crop on Language Help.

    Source record

  15. 0121421 Brahmi script Prakrit language 3rd-century BCE, Ashoka Minor Rock Edict, Gujarra Madhya Pradesh 05.jpg

    Ms Sarah Welch · CC0

    Local copy of a Commons original or Commons-served thumbnail; CSS display crop on Language Help.

    Source record

  16. Slab, building inscription, ancient South Arabian script, dedicated to god Talab. From Yemen, 3rd century CE. Ancient Orient Museum, Istanbul.jpg

    Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg) · CC BY-SA 4.0

    Local copy of a Commons original or Commons-served thumbnail; CSS display crop on Language Help.

    Source record

  17. Tibetan 6 Wellcome L0070602.jpg

    Creator not identified in the Commons file record · CC BY 4.0

    Local copy of a Commons original or Commons-served thumbnail; CSS display crop on Language Help.

    Source record

These licences apply to the named images, not automatically to nearby prose, software, corpus data or images at linked institutions.