Constituency
A phrase is a group that behaves as a unit in a construction. In living languages, movement, substitution and coordination can test a proposed grouping. For an ancient language, only attested distributions may be available, so use parallel constructions and agreement with caution. A line break or editorial punctuation does not necessarily mark a syntactic boundary.
Agreement and government
Agreement copies or indexes grammatical features across elements, such as noun–adjective number or subject–verb person. Government is a conventional way of describing restrictions a head places on dependent forms, such as a verb selecting a case. An ending can be ambiguous in isolation; its agreement partners and governing word can narrow the parse.
Subordination
A relative, complement or adverbial clause belongs inside a larger structure. Identify the marker, the finite or nonfinite predicate, and the span of the dependent clause. Ancient texts may lack punctuation, so a smooth modern translation is not proof of where the clause ends.
Modern-language examples on this page clarify a linguistic pattern. They do not establish unattested sounds or forms for an ancient language. Follow the cited sources below and keep editorial readings separate from the surviving trace.